Maternal diabetes increases the risk of fetal macrosomia and shoulder dystocia. 糖尿病孕妇生育巨大胎儿及发生肩难产的危险性增加。
Cesarean section which was a great stride in the history of the development of medical technology can reduce maternal and infant mortality caused by dystocia or other diseases. 剖腹产的出现,是人类医疗技术史上的一项重大进步。这种技术对于生育分娩的干预,极大地降低了因难产或者各种病理因素造成的母婴死亡率。